The Holy Innocents, Martyrs

Feast of the Holy Innocents, Martyrs

December 28, Christmas Season

Who are the holy innocents?

Every December 28, during the Christmas season, a Eucharistic feast is celebrated in honor of the Holy Innocents. These were the infant boys who were ordered to be slain by King Herod. The gospel passage of the feast is found in Matthew 2:13-18: "When the magi had departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, 'Rise, take the child [Jesus] and his mother, flee to Egypt, and stay there until I tell you. Herod is going to search for the child to destroy him." Joseph rose and took the child and his mother by night and departed for Egypt...When Herod realized that he had been deceived by the magi, he became furious. He ordered the massacre of all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity two years old and under, in accordance with the time he had ascertained from the magi."

A feast to remind us of protecting the unborn

In some areas of the world, modern society has evolved without respect and protection to the life being nurtured in a mother's womb. The feast of the Holy Innocents reminds us how important life is, especially those who are innocent or powerless, like the unborn in a mother's womb. The massacre of the infant boys is a gruesome story of how power can be abused and misused by men like Herod. We do not know the exact number of infant boys massacred by Herod. But according to estimates of bible scholars, if Bethlehem during the time of Jesus had a population of about one thousand people, then the infant boys who are two years and younger may have numbered about twenty. These were the ones killed and murdered, and whom the prophet Jeremiah spoke about:

A voice was heard in Ramah,
sobbing and loud lamentation;
Rachel weeping for her children,
and she would not be consoled,
since they were no more.

Patrons of choirboys and martyrs

The Holy Innocents are also honored as patrons of choirboys. They were given the title Martyrs by the early Fathers of the Church like St. Augustine and St. Irenaeus. They bore witness to the Messiah not by words but by their death. These innocent infant boy martyrs triumphed over the world and won their crown without experiencing the evils of the world and the devil.

A parallel to the story of Moses

The story of the Holy Innocents can be found only in the gospel of Matthew. It is not found in the other three gospels. When we look to the Old Testament for a parallel story, perhaps their (the Holy Innocents) story can look backward to the birth of Moses. In the Old Testament story of Moses, when Moses was born, he was hid by his mother and sister in a basket and made to float on a river. They did this because there was a law in ancient Egypt that Jewish boys are to be killed. Pharoah, the king of the Egyptians, had ordered the massacre of all Hebrew boys (cf. Exodus
1:16). Moses however survived, because he was discovered by Pharoah's daughter, who found him floating inside a basket on the river. She decided to adopt the baby Moses and made him to live and grow in the Egyptian royal court.

A feast to remind us to pray also for those innocently killed in war

This feast of the Holy Innocents reminds us also to pray for all those innocently killed in war. In the many wars that human history has recorded, there are recorded statistics of people who have died - millions of civilians and those who are not involved in war, like medical personnel and clerical members of various Christian denominations. They have been victimized by ethnic cleansing, wars from border disputes, and religious wars. There are many killings from wars recorded in the history of human civilization, but one that is still near to the memories of older generations is the holocaust of World War II. Those who have lived during the War (especially the Japanese) know that the destruction of both lives and property with the bomb dropped at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, should not be repeated. It is a direction to extreme destruction and self-destruction. As we enter into the new year, we can intensify our efforts to influence others to prayer in general, and to pray specifically for peace for all. For "a world at prayer, is a world at peace". St. John Paul II intensified these efforts with the World Day of Peace celebrated every January 1.

St. Peter Canisius, priest and Jesuit

St. Peter Canisius, Priest and Doctor of the Church: 1521-1597 A.D.

Feast day, December 21

Birth, family and education

St. Peter Canisius, whose Dutch name was Petris Kanijs, was born on May 8, 1521, in the city of Nijmegen, Holland. He was the son of a wealthy Dutchman, the nine-times-elected burgomaster of Nijmegen. His mother, Aegidia van Houwenigen, died shortly after his birth. Peter was reared by a step-mother. When Peter was fifteen, he was sent by his father to the University of Cologne to study literature and law, with the objective of making Peter a lawyer. Peter received his master of arts degree from the University of Cologne university when he was only nineteen.

Entering the Jesuit Order

While at the Cologne university, Peter came under the influence of some pious men and decided not to be a lawyer. This spoiled his father's plans who wanted him not only to be a lawyer but to also marry a wealthy young lady. Peter wanted to devote his life to serving God in the Church. In 1543 A.D., while Peter Faber (part of the original companions of St. Ignatius) was preaching in Mainz, Germany, Peter Canisius made St. Ignatius of Loyola's "Spiritual Exercises" under Peter Faber's spiritual direction. As a result, Peter Canisius made the decision to become a Jesuit. He was received into the Society of Jesus on May 8, 1543. Continuing his studies in the University of Cologne, Peter Canisius opened the first Jesuit house in Germany. He was ordained a priest in June of 1546 A.D.

Worked successfully for the revival of Catholicism

Peter Canisius gave his inheritance to the poor and became noted for his preaching. He attended two sessions of the Council of Trent and was sent to teach at the Jesuits' first school at Messina by St. Ignatius of Loyola. In 1549 A.D. he went to Ingolstadt at the request of Duke William IV of Bavaria to combat Protestantism and revive the faith of Catholics. Peter served as rector and then as vice chancellor of the university at Ingolstadt, effected a religious revival among the people. In 1552 A.D., he was sent on a similar mission to Vienna at the request of King Ferdinand.

The Second Apostle of Germany

In 1555 A.D., St. Peter Canisius published the first edition of his Catechism. It was enormously successful, with hundreds of printings in some fifteen languages. He was sent to Prague in 1556 A.D. to help found a new college. While in Prague, he was appointed provincial of a new province of the Jesuits consisting of southern Germany, Bohemia, and Austria. These were parts of the beginnings of a work that would lead Pope Leo XIII to call St. Peter Canisius the Second Apostle of Germany - with St. Boniface being the first. Peter Canisius continued in his mission, teaching and preaching at Augsburg from 1559-1566 A.D., and at Innsbruck and Munich from 1571 to 1577 A.D. He established Jesuit colleges at Munich, Innsbruck, Augsburg, Vienna, Wurzburg, and Dillingen. St. Peter Canisius' influence was felt throughout the German Empire, even in places where he did not appear personally.

A prolific writer-saint and Doctor of the Church

In 1580 A.D., St. Peter Canisius founded a college at Fribourg. His preaching and work made the college a university and kept the Fribourg college Catholic. Even when he suffered a stroke in 1591 A.D., he continued his work by dictating his writing until his death at Fribourg on December 21. Peter Canisius was a prolific writer, editing the works of St. Cyril of Alexandria and St. Leo the Great. He created an edition of St. Jerome's letters, a martyrology, a revision of the breviary, and a Manual of Catholics. It was mainly due to St. Peter Canisius' works that the Counter-Reformation was successful in southern Germany. He was canonized in 1925 A.D. and at the same time declared a Doctor of the Church.

References of this article

• Dictionary of Saints, by John J. Delaney
• The Doctors of the Church vol 2, by John F.
  Fink
• A Year With the Saints, by Don Bosco Press,
  Inc.

4th Sunday of Advent (A)

Sunday reflections for liturgical years 2014 (A), 2015 (B), and 2016 (C)

December 22, 2013
Liturgical readings

Isaiah 7:10-14
Psalm 24
Romans 1:1-7
Matthew 1:18-24

"Joseph received Mary into his home as his wife."

Last Gaudete Sunday, the spirit of joy and anticipation filled all Eucharistic celebrations - signaling that Christmas is near. The symbol that represents that joyful anticipation is the third Advent candle, which was lit and colored rose or pink. And that joy was expressed in the gospel: 'the blind see, cripples walk, lepers are cured, the deaf hear, dead men live again, and the poor receive the Good News. Now, that joy of Gaudete Sunday magnifies as we listen to the readings of this fourth Sunday of Advent. The Lord Jesus, the Word made flesh, will enter our lives and our work again. As we thank God for the blessings of the Season, we are encouraged to love God more, be kind to others (and to ourselves), and to see justly with the eyes of Christ. For He is to come for all humanity.

This 4th Sunday of Advent brings us nearer to the image of the Nativity, as we listen to the story of Mary and Joseph. Joseph wanted to initially to divorce Mary quietly when he found her with child. Joseph was a just and righteous man. But when an angel revealed to him in a dream that Mary's Child would be the Savior of his people, Joseph heeded what the angel of God told him in that dream. He did God's will through the message God sent. Joseph did not pursue his intention to divorce but received Mary into his home. So the word of the prophet Isaiah has been fulfilled: Isaiah 7:14, 'the birth of Immanuel' -meaning 'God-with-us' or 'God-is-with-us' is to be born of Mary and under the guardianship of St. Joseph. The God we believe in is a God who will be with Mary and Joseph, and also with us in our journey as a people.

Never in the history of human civilization has man been privileged to be visited by a God who took human flesh. Although God was incarnated in the Jewish ancestry and culture, He really is meant for all. Whatever the angels revealed to Mary and to Joseph truly changed the direction of human civilization. The "yes" of both Mary and Joseph to God's will has began the process of saving - the saving plan of God that both Mary and Joseph understood through the unfolding events written in the gospel. If you read "Life of Christ" by Bishop Fulton Sheen, he writes that history is full of men who claim to have come from God (Buddha, Mohammed, Confucius, Lao-tze, and many others). But only Christ's birth was pre-announced: by the Jewish prophets; Tacitus of ancient Rome; Chinese chroniclers; the Greek Aeschylus; Cicero; Suetonius; and Virgil. Even the gospel attests to this by mentioning the Magi of the East. We have to admit the greatness of Mary's and Joseph's faith and obedience to God's will. It is to their intercession that we also owe our Christian faith and obedience.

Scripture quotes for reflection:
The Lord himself will give you this sign: the virgin shall be with child (Isaiah 7)
He whose heart is clean shall receive a blessing from the Lord (Psalm 24)
Jesus Christ our Lord was descended from David according to the flesh but was made Son of God in power, according to the spirit of holiness (Romans 1)
Joseph, son of David, it is by the Holy Spirit that Mary has conceived this child (Matthew 1)